An introductory lesson on communication protocols as the ‘language’ enabling electronic devices to understand each other. It explains how serial protocols like SPI, I²C (ITC), UART, and RS-485 transmit data sequentially—one bit per clock cycle—and highlights their advantages: reduced I/O pin count, simplified circuitry, lower production cost, and increased reliability. Applications include flash memory, Wi-Fi chips, displays, and various sensors.
Valeri Ovseannicova